单词讲解

• operation n.手术
  have an operaation
  n.操作,运转,经营
  business operation
  n.行动
  rescue operaion

• successful adj.成功的
  successfully adv.
  success n.
  succeed v.

• alone adj.独自的 adv
  lonely adj.偏僻的,孤单寂寞的
  The old lady lived alone,so she felt lonely.
  Leave me alone!

语法讲解

他说 : “我是笨蛋.” 直接引语 变 间接引语
他说我是笨蛋.

When will Mr.Gilbert be allowed to go home?
He than asked when Mr.Gilbert will be allowed to go home.

“Was my operation successful?”
He asked his doctor to tell him whether my operaion was successful.

• … he asked his doctor to tell him whether his operation had been successful…
  whether : 其中,可能

知识扩展

直接引语变间接引语

• 陈述句变宾语从句
  You are right?
  I know (that) you are right.
• 特殊疑问句变宾语从句?
  What will she say?
  I know what she waill say.

• 一般疑问句变宾语从句
  Is he happy?
  I know whether/if he is happy.

• 我承诺我会帮助你.
  I promise that I will help you.

• 你从来没告诉过我,你对我的电脑做了什么.
  You never told me what you had done to my computer.

• 我想知道什么时候我们将会出发.
  I wonder when we will set out.

• 他们不知道他们是否会按时完成工作.
  They don’t know whether they will finsh the work on time.

• 我想知道什么时候我们将会出发.
  I wonder when we will set out.

• My friends know where do I work.
  where I work

• I asked my sister what kind of movies does she like.
  she likes.

• I want to know does Peter have a laptop.
  whether peter has a laptop.

单词讲解

• except prep.除了
  They are all here except Cathy.
  No one except me knew about the plan.
  Except for Bob, everyone has sent Vicky a present.

• complain v.抱怨
  complain to sb.about / of sth.
  We complained to the manager about the food.
  complain that…
  We complained to the manager that the food had gone bad.

• continually adv.不断地
  I explained to George continually.(repeatedly)
  The dog continually chased its tail for fun.

• bitterly adv.刺骨地
  bitter adj.苦的,严寒的
  Black coffee tastes bitter.
  bitter wind
  It was bitterly cold that day.

• sunshine n.阳光
  You’re my sunshine.
  sit out in the warm sunshine.

课文讲解

• He had often dreamed of…
  dream of 梦想,幻想,向往
  The little girl dreamed of living in the fairyland.

• … settle down in the country.
  settle down : 定居,安顿
  Paul plans to settle down in a small town.
  Tony will settle down after he gets married.

• He had no sooner returned than he…
  no sooner… than… 一…就 (as soon as)
  I had no sooner opened the door than the phone rang.
  倒装 : No sooner + 助动词 + 主语 + 动词
  No sooner had he returned that he bought a house and went to live here.
  No sooner had I opened the door than the phone rang.

• … for even though it was still summer,…
  for conj. 表示原因,作为上文的补充说明,不可用于句首
  Tom ate three hamburgers,for he was so hungry.
  even though : 即使,虽然 引导让步状语从句
  Even though they lost the game, they wouldn’t lose heart.

• … Harrison got a shock.
  get a shock 感到惊讶,震惊

• He acted as if…
  as if : 好像,仿佛 引导方式状语从句
  Lee talked about Paris as if he had been there before.
  He behaved as if he had owned this house.

• In the end,it was more than…
  in the end == at last, finally
  more than : 超出了…的范围
  I love you more than I can say. 我爱你已经超出了我能表达.

• He had hardly had time to settle down when…
  hardly … when… 还没来得及,…就…;刚…就…;

知识扩展

• as if / as though 仿佛,好像
  在look,seem等系动词后引导表语从句
  It seems as if it’s going to rain.
  引导方式状语从句
  Nick behaved as if he hadn’t grown up.
  as if 从句用虚拟语气,表示句子说述的不是真实或很少有可能的发生,存在的事情.
  • 从句表示与现在事实相反,谓语动词用一般过去时.
    Sam talks as if he were a millionaire.
  • 从句表示与过去事实相反,谓语动词用”had + 过去分词”.
    Nick sat there as if he had fallen asleep.
  • 从句表示与将来事实相反,谓语动词用”would / could / might + 动词原形”.
    It looks as if it might rain.
  • as if 从句所述是真实或是有可能发生或存在的情况,则用陈述语气.
    It looks as if it’s going to rain.
  • as if从句是”主语 + 系动词”结构,可省略主语和系动词,这样形成”as if + 名词/不定式/形容词(短语)/分词”.
    Bob acts as if (he were) a fool.
    Vicky went into the room as if(she were) in search of something.

单词讲解

• Olympic adj.奥林匹克
  the Olympic Games

• immense adj.巨大的
  fantastic adj.巨大的
  fantasy n.幻想
  big / large / huge / vast / enormous / tremendous / colossal / gigantic / titanic

语法讲解

• The Olympic Games will be held … in four years’ time.

• As a great many people will be visiting … the government will be building…
  will be done(将来时的被动语态) vs. will be doing

• They will also be building new roads…

• Workers will have completed the new roads by the end of this year.
  by + 时间
  将来完成时
  形式 : will / shall + have done

• … are looking forward to the Olympic Games because they have never been held before…

知识扩展

• will be done : 一般将来时的被动
• will be doing : 将来进行时
• will have done : 将来完成时

单词讲解

• record n.记录
  an Olympic record
  break the latest record
  hold the world record

• strong adj.强壮的
  strong muscles 强健的肌肉
  strong tea 浓茶
  a strong believer 坚定的信徒

• swimmer n.游泳运动员
  swim v.
  run – runner

• succeed v.成功
  They tried hard and succeeded finally.
  Bob is sure to succeed in business.
  Alan succeeded in solving(解决) the problem.

• train v.训练
  Lee is trained as an engineer.
  train a horse for a race.
  Willian trained his dog to fetch the keys.

• anxiously adv.焦急地
  anxious adj.担忧的,忧虑的
  The mom is anxious about the baby’s health.
  Lily is anxious for her safety.
  Mike is anxious to meet his girlfriend.
  He is waiting for the result anxiously.

• intend v.打算
  We intend to complain to the manager.
  They intend to go. / They intend going.
  Mr.Williams intends that his son shall take over the business.

• solid adj.固体的,硬的
  solid good

语法讲解

• She is going to set out from…
  set out from : 从…出发
  Paul will set out later on his journey to London.

• … she hopes to set up a new world record.
  set up : 创造(记录)
  set up a club : 创立一个俱乐部
  Tazieff was able to set up his camp … 结账缝

• … she is sure to succed.
  be sure of : 确信
  Daisy is sure of herself.
  be sure that…
  I’m sure that Jack is honest.

• Tomorrow he will be watching her anxiously…
  will / shall be doing : 一般将来进行事
  The manager will be attending a meeting tomorrow moring.
  When Dave comes to my dorm tomorrow,I will be working on my essay.

• Debbie intends to… every two hours.
  intend to do sth
  Sally intends to keep a pet.
  every two hours : 每两个小时
  every three weeks
  every five days

• Among them will be Debbie’s mother,who…
  介词短语 + 谓语(vi.) + 主语
  On top of the mountain stands an old temple.
  Around the corner(驾车) came a sports car.
  当先行词是地名,人名,世上独一无二的事物或家庭唯一成员时,通常只能用非限定性定于从句.

比较 :
Mr. Johnson has a son who is a doctor.
MrJohnson先生有一个当医生的儿子.(不止一个儿子)
Mr. Johnson has a son,who is a doctor.
约翰逊先生有一个儿子,他是个医生.(只有一个儿子)

知识扩展

• 倒装句
  so + 助动词/be动词/情态动词 + 主语
  某人(物)也是这样
  neither + 助动词/be动词/情态动词 + 主语
  某人(物)也不/没
  Franks is generous.so is George.
  I watched that movie yesterday.So did Zac.
  Frank isn’t generous. Neither is George.
  I didn’t watch that movie yesterday.Neither did Zac.

• There be … “存在” 主语在be动词后
  There is a dog in the yard.
  There are five apples on the table.

• 表示方位或方式的副词或介词短语,如:here,there,up,down,away,back,off,out,on,in front of the building等,位于句首,且主语是名词时.
  In front of the building stands a tower(塔).
  Away went the old lady.
  In came the manager.
  Here comes the bus.

  注意 :
  主语是代词时,不到装.
  Here you are.
  In he came.

• such 置于句首时.
  Such is human nature.
  Such are the facts(事实).

There was a sudden gust of wind and his hat went away.
There was a sudden gust of wind and awany went his hat.

The door burst open and the crowd rushed in.
The door burst open and in rushed the crowd.

单词讲解

• while n.一段时间
  a short while ago
  for a while
  conj. 当…的时候
  some of the detectives were waiting inside the main building while others were waiting on the airfield.

• regret v.后悔
  regret regretted regretted
  regret sth.

• straight adv.径直的
  drive straight at…
  run straight at…

• fright n.害怕
  get a fright
  frighten v.

• battered adj.撞坏的
  batter v.

语法讲解

• Roy … used to drive a taxi.

• He is finding his… work far more exciting.
  far more exciting : 兴奋得多

• When he was driving … recently, he saw two thieves rush out of a shop and run towards a waiting car.
  see sb. do sth.
  see sb. doing sth.

• The one with the money got such a fright that he dropped the bag.
  such … that… : 因果关系,结果状语从句
  It is an interesting story. / I want to share it with you.
  It is such an interesting story that I want to share it.
  so … taht…
  The story is interesting. / I want to share it with you.
  The story is so interesting that I want to share it…

• As the thieves were trying… ,Roy drove his bus into the back of it.

• While the battered car was moving away…

知识扩展

• He is finding his… work far more exciting.
  Letters will cost a little more…
  I am even less lucky.

修饰比较级的词

• 他的哥哥甚至比他的爸爸高.
  His brother is even taller than his father.
• 那个电影比我想要的更有趣很多.
  The film is much more interesting than I thought.

• 我认为你可以花更多一点的钱买书.
  I think you can spend money buying books.

• so / such … that…

单词讲解

• station n.警察局
  a police station
  a fire station 消防站
  a train station
  a bus station

• must adv.相当,非常
  It’s a most funny story.
  It’s most kind(仁慈的) of you to meet me at the airport.

语法讲解

• Dan Robinson has been worried…(现在完成时)
  be worried about 对…担心
  Mr. Johnson is worried about his health.

• … the local police.
  local adj.当地的,本地的
  local news
  local calls 本地电话,市话
  local dish 地方菜

• … he was asked to call at the station.
  call at 拜访(某场所)
  call at a neighbor;s house
  call at Mr.Johnson’s office

• Dan wondered why he was wanted…
  wonder + 疑问词引导的从句”想知道…”
  I wondered why Helen was so upset(心烦意乱).
  Tim wondered where he would spend his holidays.
  want v.通缉,需要(某人);想要(和某人见面,交谈)
  He is a wanted man.
  You are wanted on the phone.
  You are wanted in the manager’s office.

• …he is not worried anymore.
  not … anymore / not any longer / no longer : 不再…
  He will not work for that company any longer.

• … he was told by a smiling policeman…
  a running boy
  a flying bird

• Five days ago,…
  The policeman told him that five days ago the bicyle was picked up(拿起) in a small village…

• It is now being sent …
  be being done
  It is being repaired by a friend of my father’s.
  The shoe is being mended by Paul.

• Dan was most surprised…
  most — very
  Dan was very surprised…
  It’s the most beautiful garden in our town.

• He was amused too,…
  amused adj.被逗乐的,开心的
  Ryan was amused at the joke.

• … when Dan was a boy of fifteen!
  Daisy is a girl of sixteen.

知识扩展

被动语态

• 带双宾语的谓语动词变为被动语态
  Fred gave me a present.
  I was given a present by Fred.(间接宾语改为主语)
  A present was given to me by Fred.(直接宾语改为主语)

• 动词短语变为被动语态,不可扔掉构成动词短语的介词或副词.
  The bobysitter took good care of the kid.
  The kid was taken good care of by the bobysitter(临时照顾幼儿者).(of不能省略)

• 带复合宾语的动词变为被动语态,只能把宾语变为被动句的主语,宾语补足语保留在原处,变为主语补足语.
  I saw Lily dancing in the gym.
  Lily was seen dancing in the gym.

• 感官动词,如 : see,hear,watch,feel,notice等,以及使役动词,如 : let,make,have等在主动句后跟省略to的不定式,变为被动句时要加上不定式符号to.
  The boss made Jim work ten hours a day.
  Jim was made to work ten hours a day by the boss.

• 含有情态动词的被动语态.
  The task must be completed today.
  谓语结构 : 情态动词 + be + 过去分词

• “get + 过去分词”表示被动,多用于口语.
  Mary will get married next month.

单词讲解

• darkness n.黑暗的
  dark adj.

• ness
  happiness
  nervousness
  carelessness

• explain v.解释,叙述
  explanation n.

• storm n.暴风雨
  rain storm
  snow storm
  sand storm
  brain storm

• towards prep.向,朝;接近
  towards evening
  walk towards the door
  The ball flew towards me.

• ahead adv.在前面
  go ahead 走在前面

语法讲解

• Nearly a week passed before the girl… explain what had happened to her.
  pass v. A week passed
  past prep. It is eleven past ten.

• … she set out from the coast in a small boat and was caught in a storm.
  set out / off : 出发
  be caught in… : 被抓住(被困住)
  I was caught in the traffic jam yesterday.

• Towards evening, the boat struck … and the girl jumped into the sea.

• Then she swam(游泳) to the shore after spending the… night in the water.
  strike struck struck
  swim swam swum

• She knew she was near… because the light was high up on the cliff.
  know knew known

• On arriving at the shore,the girl struggled…
  struggled : 奋斗

• … the girl struggled up the cliff towards the light she had seen.
  the light (that/which) she had seen

• That was all she remembered(纪念).
  all(that) she remembered

• 表示地点的介词(prep)
  set out from the coast
  swam to the shore(岸).
  towards the light she had seen
  arriving at the shore.
  on the cliff(悬崖).
  in a small boat / in a storm / in hospital

知识扩展

arriving at the shore
on the cliff
in a small boat / in a storm / in hospital

单词讲解

• once adv.曾经,以前
  He cleans his room once a week.(一次)
  I met the president once.
  They left the building at once.(immediately)
  Read the words once more. (once more)
  Once in a while I eat out. (occasionally)

• temptation n.诱惑
  tempt v.引诱,诱惑
  I’m always tempted by the delicious - looking food.
  The serpent tempted Eve to eat the forbidden fruit.
  I can’t resist the temptation to live in Paris.
  The boy is a strong temptation to the kid.

• article n.物品,东西
  an article on business (文章)
  an article of clothing 一件衣服
  article of clothing 衣服,衣物

• wrap v.包裹
  wrap up the parcel
  wrap the present in paper
  Sam wrapped himself up in a coat.
  unwrap v.打开,解开
  unwrap the Chirstmas present

• simply adv.仅仅
  It’s simply a matter of time.
  He’s simply a child.

• arrest v.逮捕
  arrest a thief
  That young man was arrested for theft.

语法讲解

• People are not so honest as…
  as… as…
  not as / so…so…
  Tony is not as patient as he used to be.
  Nick plays piano as well as his sister(does).
  Vicky has read as many novels as Ryan has.

• The temptation to steal…
  I can’t resist the temptation to live in Paris.
  The boy is a strong temptation to the kid.

• … is greater than ever before.
  The temptation to steal is greater now than it was ever before.

• … a well-dressed woman…
  a well-educated young man
  a well-known actor
  The tunnel would be well-ventilated…

• …on Monday mornings.

• … there were fewer people in the shop than usual…
  than usual 比平常
  He was busier than usual.
  Jane left earlier than usual.

• … she chose one of…
  choose / chose / chosen

• … handed it to an assistant(助理)…
  hand to sb.
  I handed the keys to him.
  hand in 提交
  hand in the papers.
  hand out 分发
  hand out the presents to everyone.

• … as quickly as possible.
  as … as possible 尽可能
  Read the passage as carefully as possible.
  Zan tries to be as patient as possible when he answers.

• … once a week.
  once a month / year
  twice a day

知识扩展

平级比较

• as + adj./adv. + as
  The movie is as boring as you think.

• not as / so … as
  The movie is not so boring as you think.

• as + adj./adv. + a(n) + 可数名词单数 + as
  Architecture is as much an art as it is a science.
  建筑学是一门科学,同时也是一门艺术.

Justin is as outstanding an actor as he is a singer.
Justin 当演员和当歌手都一样的出色.

• as + 形容词 + as + 数量词 = 数量词 + 形容词
  The road is as long as 100 meters. = The road is 100 meters long.

单词讲解

• success n.成功
  successful adj.
  successfully adv.
  succeed v.

• bicycle n.自行车
  tricycle n.三轮车
  recyclable adj.可循环利用的

• save v.存储
  save money
  save money for the rainy days
  save time
  save the game
  savings n.存款

• employ v.雇佣
  employment n.就业,雇佣
  unemployment n.失业
  unemployment rate 失业率

语法讲解

• Yesterday afternoon Frank …was telling me about his experiences…

• Before he retired,Frank was the head of a… business company…
  head n.头 / 头儿

• … but as a boy he used to work in a small shop. 过去常常
  I used to drink a lot of coffee.
  We used to live in the countryside.
  People used to be happy when they were young.

• It was his job to repair bicycles… = To repair bicycles was his job.
  修理自行车是他的工作,it是形式主语,非真正主语.
  It is very important to study English.
  It is necessary to think about the future.

• He saved money … and in 1958 he bought a small workshop of his own.
  his own workshop
  his own workshop
  a small workshop of his own

• In his twenties Frank(坦白的) used to make spare parts…

• He was still smiling when the door opened…

• She wanted him to repair their grand

3. 知识扩展

used to do sth. : 过去往往做某事
Tony usually worked late. = Tony used to work late.
I was always late for school. = I used to be late for school.
People were very honest in the old days. = People used to be very honest in the old days.

It was his job to repair bicycles…
it 形式主语
to repair bicycles 真正的主语
意义 : 避免头重脚轻
It is difficult for us to travel alone in foreign cities.

1. 单词讲解

• polo n.水球
  water polo

• cut v.穿过(cut,cut)
  Grandpa usually cuts across the park on his way home.
  The road cuts through the forest(森林).

• row v.划(船)
  We rowed the boat across the river.

• kick v.踢
  The boy kicked the ball into the lake.

• towards prep.朝,向(toward)
  walk towards the entrance
  look out towards the sea
  Sally turned her back towards Kim.

• nearly adv.几乎
  It’s nearly midnight.
  They nearly won the game.
  Bob is nearly late for the meeting.

• sight n.眼界,视域
  The plane is still in sight(在视域之内).
  The mountain is out of sight.
  They fell in love at first sight.
  I laughed at the sight of(一看到) the clown.

2. 语法讲解

• … that cuts across the park near my home.
  cut across : 横穿,走捷径,抄近道
  I can get there earlier if I cut across the field.

• I like sitting…
  Dave likes drinking coffee.
  like doing (经常性的,习惯性的)
  Dave likes to drink some tea now.
  like to do (具体的某一次)

• … on fine afternoons.
  in the morning
  on s sunny morning
  on a rainy night
  on sunny mornings

• … sat on the river bank(河岸) as usual.
  as usual : 照常,像往常一样
  On Sundays Nick gets up early as usual.

• … a passing boat.
  a passing train
  a passing plane

• … called out to the man…
  call out : 大声叫嚷
  Someone is calling out for help.
  Ryan called out his firend’s name in the street.

• The bll struck him so hard that he nearly fell…
  strike / struck / struck
  fall / fell / fallen
  so + adj./adv. + that … 如此…以至于…
  The movie is so great that I want to watch it again.
  Alan was so tired that he fell asleep instantly(立即).
  Fred moved so quietly that no one noticed him.
  There is no star in sight.
  The car is soon out of sight.

3. 知识扩展

定冠词的用法

• 在姓氏复数前表示一家人.
  The Johnsons are having a picnic.
• 用在年代,朝代名词以及逢十数词(表某个年代)前.
  the Ming Dynasty
  in the 1980’s
• 用在表度量单位的名词前表示”每一”
  We rent a car by the hour. 我们按每个小时租了一辆车.
• 句型 “动词 + sb. + 介词 + the + 身体的某一部分”中的the不能用人称或物主代词替代.
  hit sb. in the face.
• 在一些固定结构中要用the.
  at the same time,in the end,by the way…
• 在名词的词组中,定冠词一般放在最前面,但名词词组中如果有exactly, just, all, both, double, twice, half, of, 等修饰时,定冠词要放在这些词的后面.
  exactly(确切地) the same song.