1. 单词讲解

• taxi n.出租汽车
  cab

• flat n.公寓房
  apartment

• lonely adj.偏僻的,感到孤单寂寞的

• block n.一座大楼
  a block of flats / apartments
  a flat block
  an office block
  a tower block
  traffic block / jam

2. 语法讲解

• Captain Ben Fawcett has bought an unusual taxi and has begun a new service.
  现在完成时
  形式 : have/has + done
  用法 : 现在的之前

• The “Taxi” is a small Swiss aeroplane called a “Pilatus…”.
  过去分词作后置定语,修饰名词
  a used car
  wasted time
  a ploughed field
  a deserted car park
  a woman called “Dragon Lady”

• The most surprising thing …,however,is that it can land anywhere : on snow,water,or even…

• The most surprising thing… is that it can land anywhere.
  表语从句

• Captain Fawcett’s first passenger was a doctor who flew from Birmingham to a lonely village…
  定语从句

• Since then,Captain Fawcett has flown passengers to many… places.
  He has lived in Beijing since 1993 / for 20 years.
  He has lived in Beijing since he has born.

• Once he landed on… a block of flats and on another occasion, he landed in a deserted car park.
  refuese a request

同位语 : … but … because

3. 知识扩展

现在完成时
形式 : have/has + done
用法 : 现在的之前
Since then, Captain Fawcett has flown passengers to many … places.

• 现在完成时 + since + 过去的时间 / since + 过去的动作(一般过去时的句子)
• This / It is is the first time(次数) + that 从句 (现在完成时)

1. 单词讲解

• rare adj.罕见的
  a rare bird
  Pandas are rare today.
  It’s rare to see such a thing.
  It’s rare for him to go to the movies.

• ancient adj.古代的,古老的
  ancient history
  ancient civilization
  ancient poem

• myth n.神话故事
  ancient Greek myths

• trouble n.麻烦
  He has trouble with his teeth.
  The plan ran into trouble.
  Peter got into trouble when he climbed the mountain.
  His new car gave him a lot of trouble.
  If you can’t get there on time, you will be in trouble.

• effect n.结果,效果
  The action movie has quite an effect on the little boy.
  Does the medicine have any effect?
  The new regulation came into effect last month.
  The law is still in effect.

• 语法讲解

• … is one of those rare people who believes in…
  one of + 名词/代词(of后的名词需用复数)
  One of your classmates is going to meet you at the airport.
  believe in 信仰;信赖
  believe in religion
  I don’t believe in that young man.

• … but ever since he moved in,…
  ever since 从哪以后一直 (语气比since强)
  Ever since he met Helen,he has changed completely(完整地).

• … he has had trouble with cars and their owners.
  have trouble with … 与…有麻烦
  Fred has trouble with his new neighbor.

• Because of this,…
  because 连词 因为 (引导原因状语从句)
  because of 介词短语 因为(后接名词,代词)

• … he has not been able to get…
  can / be able to 在完成时中一般用be able to
  They have never been able to get together since graduation.

• Jasper has put up…
  put up 张贴,挂起
  put up a poster on the wall

• … but these have not had any effect.
  hve an effect on 对…什么有影响
  What parents say or do will have an effect on children.

• It is one of the ugliest(丑陋的) faces…
  He is the tallest man I have ever met. 他曾经是我见过最高的人.
  It’s one of the most exciting movies I have ever seen.

• Jasper hopes that…
  hope for sth. 希望 / 期待某物
  He is hoping for a letter.
  hope to do sth. 希望做某事
  Sam hopes to win the game.
  hope that… 希望…
  Sam hopes that he can win the game.
  wish sb. to do sth
  What do you wish me to do?
  I wish you to go at once.

• … turn cars and their owners to stone.
  turn … to / into … 把…变成…
  The witch turned the prince into a frog.

3. 知识扩展

定语从句
I have a friend who runs a restaurant.
先行词 + 关系词 + 定语从句

George is a college student who studies history. 主语
In the office sat a stranger whom I had never met before. 宾语
Frank is no longer a little boy that he used to be. 表语

Paul bought a car that was made in France. 主语
That’s the gift which I’m going to send to my parents. 宾语
Our hometown is not the city that it was. 表语

The lady whose hair is blond is a famous singer. 定语
Please pass me the book whose cover is blue. 定语

关系代词的用法 :

• 在下列情况中,先行词指物时,只能用that引导定语从句,而不能用which引导.

  • 先行词是all,little,much,none,everything,anything,nothing等代词.
    Vicky told us all that had happened.
  • 先行词前有the very(正好的),the only,the last等修饰.
    This is the only ticket that we can get.
  • 先行词前有序数词或形容词最高级修饰,先行词本身是序数词或形容词最高级.
    It’s the most exciting movie that I have ever seen.
    This is the best that has been used to solve the problem.
  • 先行词前有only,all,any,no,few,little等修饰.
    That man bought all the chocolate that was in the shop.
  • 主句是以疑问句which开头的特殊疑问句.
    Which is the city that you want to visit?
  • 先行词既有人又有物.
    The flowers and the kids that are in the photo look so lovely.
  • 有两个定语从句的时候,其中一个关系代词宜用which,另一个宜用that.
    It’s a famous cafe, which sells coffee that is prepared with great care.
  • 先行词在主句中作表语,关系代词在从句中也作表语.
    Our hometown is not the city that it used to be.

• 一般情况下that,which,whom在定语从句中作宾语时可以省略.
  It’s the novel(that) I’m reading now.

• 关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,不可省略,而且定语从句中的谓语动词在人称,数的方面应该与先行词保持一致.
  • one of + 复数名词 + 关系代词 + 动词复数形式
    It is one of the worldwide famous cities that attract millions of visitors.
  • the only one of + 复数名词 + 关系代词 + 动词单数形式
    Jack is the only one of the students who speaks French.

1. 单词讲解

• tenk n.帐篷

• field n.田地,田野

• smell (smelled / smelt) v.闻起来
  The food smelled good.
  She smelled the meat to see if it was flesh.

• wonderful adj.极好的
  fabulous excellent fantastic terrific

• campfire n.营火
  go camping

• creep v.爬行
  creep / crept / crept
  sleep / slept / slept
  keep / kept / kept
  sweep / swept / swept

• sleeping bag 睡袋
  doing 表示功能,用途
  a swimming pool
  a fishing boat
  a packing boat
  a waiting room

• comfortable adj.舒适的,安逸的

• soundly adv.香甜的
  sleep soundly / deeply / well
  be fast asleep

• leap (leapt,leapt) v.跳跃,跳起

• heavily adv.大量地
  rain heavily / smoke heavily

• form v.形成 n.形式,表格

• wind (wound,wound) v.蜿蜒
  wind one’s way
  The stream wound its way across the field.
  wind round sth.
  A snake wound round the wires.

• right adv.正好

2. 语法讲解

• Late in the afternoon, the boys put up their tent …
  late in the afternoon
  early in the morning
  in the middle of a field / the night
  in the centre of Australia

• … they told stories and sang songs by the campfire.
  by the campfire(在营火边).
  I like sitting by the Wayle on fine afternoons.

• But some time later it began to rain.
  some time 一段时间
  sometime
  begin / began / begun
  sing / sang / sung
  ring / rang / rang
  drink / drank / drunk
  swim / swam / swum

• … two boys woke up and began shouting.
  wake / woke / woken
  beging doing sth. = begin to do sth.

3. 知识扩展

一般过去时
形式 : v.过去式(did)
用法 : They were all hungry and the food smelled good.

• We had a good time at the party yesterday.We sang songs and drank beer.
• Last night around midnight, I slept soundly.Suddenly the telephone rang and it woke me up.
• Some years ago I was offered a writing assignment that would require three months of travel through Europe.
• It seemed impossible, and with considerable regret I sat down to write a letter begging off.
• So I accepted the assignment.

1. 单词讲解

• art n.艺术
  art movie
  a work of art
  modern art

• critic n.评论家
  music critic
  art critic

• paint v.画
  The little boy paints well.
  paint a picture
  paint a landscape

• pretend v.假装
  Tom pretended illness.
  Tom pretended to be ill.
  Tom pretended that he was ill.

• pattern n.图案
  a checkered pattern
  The girl wears a dress with a pattern of flowers on it.

• curtain n.窗帘,幕布
  draw the curtain
  a shower curtain

• material n.材料
  building materials
  There is enough(足够的) material for a dress.
  collect(收集) material for an article(资料)

• appreciate v.鉴赏
  appreciate English poetry
  appriciate good wine.
  appriciate oil paintings.

• notice v.注意到
  I didn’t notice him coming in / come in.
  I noticed that he was a little upset.

• whether conj.(连词)是否
  weather n.天气
  Tell me wheter you garee with us or not.
  I wondered whether to go or to stay.

• hang v.悬挂 (hung,hung)
  hang the coat on the hook.
  hang the picture on the wall.
  hang the windows with curtains.

• critically adv.批评地
  We should examine our work critically.

• upside down 上下颠倒
  The painting was hung upside down.

• inside out 翻过来,里在外
  He was wearing the shirt inside out.

2. 语法讲解

• … what a picture is “about”.
  This movie is about youth.
  They talked about the movie for a long time.

• … just pretty patterns.

• We like them in the same way that…
  in the same way that … 和 … 一样
  Nick behaves in the same way that his father does.
  Jill tried to cook the fish in the same way that her mother did.

• … better than anyone else.
  else adj.其他的,别的 (经常与不定代词,疑问代词连用)
  Do you have anything else to say? 你还有别的要说的吗?
  It’s someone else’s key. It’s not mine.
  What else do you want to say?

• … whether my pictures are good or not.
  whether … or not “是否”,表示选择
  Tell me whether I should accept the job or not.
  Tell me whether I should accept the job.
  Tell me whether or not I should accept the job.

• for a moment 一会儿,片刻
  I stood there for a moment.

3. 知识扩展

宾语从句的连接词

• 宾语从句是陈述句时,引导词用that.
  I know (that) Helen went to New York yesterday.

在以下的情况中,引导词是that不可省略 :

• 宾语从句的主语是that
  Lily told us that that was her favorite toy.
• 宾语从句中含有主从复合句
  John said that if he was free, he would come and visit us.
• 两个或多个宾语从句由并列连词链接时,除第一个从句中的that可以省略外,其余从句中的that都不能被省略.
  Nick said (that) he would not go to work next week and that he would have a holiday.
• 含疑问语气的句子构成宾语从句时,用whether或if连接,句尾的标点符号取决于主语.
  “Are you free?” Jim asked Bob.
  Jim asked Bob if / whether he was free.
• 宾语从句是特殊疑问句时,连接词就用原来的疑问词,但要用陈述句语序.
  “When are you free?” Jim asked Bob.
  Jim asked Bob when he was free.

1. 单词讲解

• railway n.铁路
  railway station

• porter n.搬运工

• several quantifier 几个
  several times
  several people

• foreigner n.外国人
  foreign adj.外国的,外国人的
  a foreign language

• wonder v.感到奇怪
  feel surprised

2. 语法讲解

• I arrived in London…
  arrive at the airport
  arrive on the scene
  at last 最好终于 / in the end / finally / eventually

• I did not know the way to my hotel, so I asked a porter.
  句子的分类 : 简单句 / 并列句 / 复合句
  They walked into the room. They sat down.
  They walked into the room and they sat down.
  They walked into the room and sat down.
  She is very beautiful. She is very smart.
  She is not only very beautiful but she is very smart as well.
  She is not only very beautiful but very smart as well.
  He can not read. He cannot write.
  He can neither read nor write.

• I not only spoke English very carefully, but very clearly as well.

• I repeated my question … ,and … he understood.
• …, but he spoke neither slowly nor clearly.
• The he said … and I understood …
• The English understand … , but I don’t understand …

3. 知识扩展

• 并列句
  并列句的并列连词
  I washed my shirt, but it didn’t get clean.
  She was hungry and ate on the way home.
  Who did this? Did you do it, or did Bob do it?
  并列句的省略
  I am a student and I major(主修) in English.
  I am a student and major in English.

1. 单词讲解

• manager n.经理
  shop manager

• upset adj.不安的
  He was upset by the noise(噪音).
  Mary was upset about her mother’s words(说话).

• sympathetic adj.表示同情的
  a sympathetic smile
  I was sympathetic to / towards him when he was sick.

• complain v.抱怨
  Jane complained to the police about the noise.
  He complained of the bad weather.
  Tony complained that nobody had helped him.

• wicked adj.很坏的,邪恶的
  a wicked look 不怀好意的事情
  It’s wicked of him to say such things.

• contain v.包含,内装
  The big box contains Mike’s toys.
  The book contains the information you need.

• honesty n.诚实
  in all honesty 坦白说
  In all honesty, I can’t agree with you.

2. 语法讲解

• I entered…
  enter == go into

• I had just lost…
  lose - lost - lost
  Jill lost her purse.

• … but he could do nothing.
  You have nothing to do with it.
  Is there anything I can do for you?

• “Everyone’s losing money these days,”…
  现在进行时表示动作的频繁,现在进行时与频度副词always,constantly等连用,表示夸奖 / 不满等感情
  He is always saying such nice words. 他总是说好话.
  She is always coming late.
  Nick is always doing well.

• He started to complain about…
  start to do / start doing
  It started to snow / started snowing

• … was interrupted by a knock at the door.
  interrupt v.打断
  The ringing phone interrupted his speech.
  Someone is knocking at the door.

• “Well,” I said to the manager,…
  well 感叹词,表示惊讶 / 无可奈何等感情
  Well, here we are finally!

3. 知识扩展

• 宾语从句

  • 主句和从句的时态
    主句是现在的某种时态(包括一般现在时 / 现在进行时 / 现在完成时),宾语从句的时态 可根据实际情况而定.
    I know that Helen went to New York yesterday.
    Tom has told us that he will go to New York tomorrow.
    主句是过去的某种时态(包括一般过去时,过去进行时),宾语从句一般要用过去的某种时态(包括一般过去时,过去进行时,过去将来时,过去完成时).
    Tom told us that he would go to New York next week.
    宾语从句表示的客观事实或真理,即是主句是过去时,从句也是用一般现在时.
    The teacher told the students that the moon goes around the earth.

  • 宾语从句的语序
    宾语从句的语序要用陈述句语序.
    What is Cathy reading? Do you know? = Do you know what Cathy is reading?
    The teacher told us that the earth is round.
    I don’t know whom I should ask for help.
    Could you please tell me where the supermarket is

1. 单词讲解

• complete v.完成
  complete / finish the work
  A few cars completed the race.
• adj. 完整的
  He told us a complete story.
• strange adj.奇怪的
  We heard a strange sound.
  The modern building looks strange to some people.
• stranger n.陌生人
• district n.地区

2. 语法讲解

• I had a letter … yesterday.
• She lives in…
• She said that she was going to England next year.
• If she comes, she will get…
• We are living now in a beautiful new house…
• Work… had begun before my sister left.
• The house was completed five months ago.
• … I told her that she could stay with us.
• The house has many… rooms and there is a … garden.
  There be 句型
  There be + n. / There is a girl.
  There be + n. + 介词短语
  There is a girl in the classroom.
  There was a book on the table.

3. 知识扩展

• 简单句
• 时态
  一般现在时 do/does
  一般过去时 did
  一般将来时 will / shall do am / is / are going to do
  现在进行时 am / is / are doing
  过去将来时 was / were doing
  将来进行时 will / shall be doing
  现在完成时 have / has done
  过去完成时 had done
  过去将来时 would do was / were going to
• 被动语态 be(被动的时间) + done(被动的动作)
• 情态动词
  must / may / can

1. 单词讲解

• dream v.做梦,梦想(dreamed / dreamt)
  I dreamed a sweet dream.
  I dreamed about / of you last night.
  Kim dreamed of having a sports car.
  Kim dreamed that he had a sports car.

• age n.年龄
  at the age of eight
  She doesn’t look her age at all.
  Lee is just my age.
  a man of middle age
  I have waited for ages.

• channel n.海峡
  the English Channel
  It’s my favorite channel.(频道)

• throw v.扔,抛(threw,thrown)
  The boy threw the ball up and caught it again.
  He threw himself onto the sofa.
  Jim threw on his coat.
  Cathy threw him an angry look.

2. 语法讲解

• … from a girl of her own age in Holland.
  Tony is a boy of my own age. 某人和某人年龄一样大.

• … We were travelling across the Channel…
  travel across the country

• She never thought of it again, …
  think of 想起,考虑
  He just thought of the movie I mentioned yesterday.
  think over 仔细思考
  I will think over your suggestion.
  think about 想,思考
  We are thinking about going to the seaside.

• Letters will cost a little more,…
  cost v.花费,价钱为(cost,cost)
  The meal cost us 50 dollars.
  How much does the shirt cost?

3. 知识扩展

英文电子邮件常用句型 :

Attached please find my resume.
请在附件中查找我的个人简历.

I add some comments to the document for your reference.
我在文档中添加了一些备注,仅此参考.

Look forward to your feedbacks and suggestions soon.
期待您的反馈建议!

We’d like to hold a meeting tomorrow about the project.
我方建议明天的项目问题召开会议.

For the next step of the plan, we are proposing…
关于下一步计划的问题,我方提议…

1. 单词讲解

• mad adj.发疯的
  I know I was wrong. Please don’t be mad at me.
  go mad : 自己发疯了
  drive sb. mad 受到某人发疯(外力影响)
  His behavior really drives me mad. 他的行为使我发疯了.
  dirve / drove / driven

• reason n.原因
  for some reasons //因为一些原因
  for some reason //因为某一种原因
  for one reason or another //种种原因
  reasonable adj.合理的
  unreasonable adj.不合理的

• sum n.量
  a large sum of money
  to sum up 总而言之

• determined adj.坚定的,下定决心的
  be determined to do sth..
  He is determined to go abroad for further education.
  We are determined to hold on to the last. 我们坚持到最后

2. 语法讲解

• … passing planes can be heard night and day.
  • 被动语态
    be*(被动的时间,还要考虑主语的单复数) + done(被动的动作)
    狗吃了那个蛋糕. The dog ate the cake.
    ? 吃了那个蛋糕. - > 蛋糕被吃了.
    狗(主语)吃了那个蛋糕(宾语). - > 蛋糕被狗吃了.
    被动语态主要是用于及物动词(因为要接宾语)
    被动语态用不及物动词需要介词(因为要接宾语)
    教室每天都打扫(教室不能主动打扫,每天应为一般现在时). Classrooms are cleaned every day.
    一座新的大楼去年建造的. A new building was build last year.

与时态相结合
他每天被打. He is beaten every day.
他昨天被打了. he was beaten yesterday.
他明天将被打. He will be beaten tomorrow.
他现在正在被动. He is being beaten.
他现在已经被动了. He has been beaten.

• English is spoken all over the world.
  The stadium was build in 1998.
  His bike will be repaired by his grandfather tomorrow.
  The new machine has been used in our factory for two weeks.
  Our morning paper is read by over 200,000 people every day.

  罗马不是一天建成的. Rome was not built in a day.
  人们现在正在被广告营销. People are being influenced by advertisements.
  这封信必须马上寄出. The letter must be sent immediately.
  天气不能被人们所控制. The weather cannot be controlled by people.
  西红柿可以做菜或是生吃. Tomatoes may be cooked or eaten raw.
  我的钥匙肯定落在什么地方了. My keys must be left somewhere.

• … passing planes can be heard…
  doing 修饰名词,作定语
  a waiting car / a sleeping baby / boiling water / a developing country
  a woman wearing a white coat
  used cars done 修饰名词,作定语
  wasted time / a desterted car park. / a ploughed field(运动场) / a car called Blue Bird

• The airport was built … but … it could not be used then.
• Over a hundred people must have been driven away … by the noise.
  must have v.过去分词 + be done = must have been done 推测 过去 的被动

#3. 知识扩展

被动语态与时态 / 情态动词相结合 / be(被动的时间) + done(被动的动作)

1. 单词讲解

-catch v.抓到 (caught,caught)

• Cats catch mice.
• The thief was caught by the police.
• catch a train
• Kim has to work had to catch up with the other students.
• They were caught in a storm.

• fisherman n.钓鱼人,渔民

  • fishermen

• waste n.浪费

  • It’s a waste of time.
  • It’s a waste of money.
  • v.
    Don’t waste your time.
    You don’t have to waste your words on this matter.

• realize v.意识到

  • Jim has realized his own mistakes.
  • Kate realized that Nick was lying all the time.
  • Tom realized his dream finally. Tom实现了它的梦想

2. 语法讲解

• Fishing is my favorite…

  • fishing 动名词 : 由动词演变的名词
  • Skiing is fun. 滑雪
  • Reading is an art.
  • John likes playing tennis. 动名词也能作为宾语

• … fish for hours without catching anything.

  • without sth (没有做某事)
  • He solved the problem without difficulty.
  • without doing
    David went away without taking leave.

• Instead of catching fish,they catch…

  • instead adv.替代
  • There is no coffee,We will have tea instead.
  • Nick is absent(缺席的) today, I will do the job instead.
  • instead of 代替,而不是
    Paul will take the business trip instead of Eric.
    Let’s go to the movies instead of staying at home.

• … less lucky.

  • less adv.更少
  • He is less smart. 他没有那么聪明
  • The story is less colorful.

• After having spent whole mornings on the river,I…

  • after doing
  • After visiting the museum, we will take a rest.
  • after having done 已经做了某事之后
    After having met a friend at the cafe, I went to the coffee.
    After having taken the exam, he waited for the result anxiously.

• … give up fishing!

  • give up 放弃
  • He give up the decision. 放弃这种决定
  • Nick decided to give up smoking and drinking.

• I’m not really interested in…

  • be interested in 对…感兴趣
    Michael is interested in history.
    Roy is interested in taking photos.

3. 知识扩展

• give away
  Lee can’t believe that his best friend gave him away.(背叛)
  Bob gave away all his money to the poor.(捐赠)

• give in 屈服
  In the end,Nick was forced to give in.

• give off 发出(光);散发(味道)
  This flower gives off a rich perfume.这花散发出浓郁的芳香.

• give up 放弃
  Paul decided to give up dringking.

• give back 归还
  Don’t forget to give me back my book.