单词讲解

• press v.按,压
  press the button
  press any key to continue
  n.出版社,新闻界
  Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press
• pressure n.压力
• develop v.养成
  develop a bad / good habit
  a developing country 发展中国家

语法讲解

• Our dag, used to sit outside out front gate…
  used to : 过去常常做某事,现在不做了

• Every time he wanted to come… he would bark until someone opened the gate.
  complain of / about…
  spend + 时间/钱 + on sth./(in)doing sth.
  train sb. to do sth.

• … my husband spent weeks training him to press his paw on the latch to let himself in.
  表示目的 :
  to do / in order to do / so as to do
  I am coming to see you.

• Rex… became an expert at opening the gate.

• … when I was going out shopping last week,I noticed him in the garden…

• … he was barking so that someone would let him out!
  so that…
  He ran to the station so that he caught the train. 引导状语从句
  He ran to the station so that he might catch the train.
  The ball struck him so hard that he nearly fell…(因果关系)

• my husband removed the gate and Rex got so annoyed(that) we have not seen him since.

知识扩展

表示目的 :
to do
in order to do
so as to do
He told you about it to warn you.
so that + 句子(有情态动词)
in order that + 句子
He told you about it so that you would be careful.
He ran to the station. He wanted to catch the last train.
He ran to the station to catch the last train.
He ran to the station so that the would catch the last train.
他跑去车站,目的是赶上车.
The thief ran quickly. The policeman couldn’t catch him.
The thief ran quickly. so that the policeman couldn’t catch him.

单词讲解

• blessing n.福气,福分
  bless v.祝福,保佑
  bless + _ing
  It was a blessing that he wasn’t injured in the accident.

• disguise n.伪装
  a blessing in disguise

• ting adj.极小的
  a ting island
  a ting baby

• possess v.拥有
  He gave away everything he possessed.
  Bob possesses a sense of humor.
  possession n.

• cursed adj.可恨的
  curse v.诅骂
  That cursed dog was barking all day.

• increase v.增加
  The population of this city has increased.
  My boss has promised that he would increase my salary.

• plant v.种植
  plant trees
  plant flowers in the garden

• church n.教堂
  go to church 去做礼拜

• evil adj.坏的
  Gargamel is an evil man with evil ideas.

• reputation n.名声
  The baker has a good reputation.
  The restaurant has gained a good reputation for good food.

• claim v.以…为其后果
  The tsunami claimed thousands of lives.

• victim n.受害者,牺牲品
  victims of war
  Sam fell victim to the flu.(成为…的受害者)

• source n.来源
  a source of income
  The scientists discovered the source of the river.

• income n.收入
  He spent half of his income on his new phone.
  live within one’s income 过量入为出的生活

语法讲解

• The tiny village of Frinley is said to…
  be said to … 据说…
  Mr. Lee is said to join our team.
  It is said that… 据说…
  It is said that Mr.Lee will join our team.

• Because the tree was mentioned…
  mention v.提及
  Don’t mention the problem at the meeting.
  Don’t mention it.(不用客气;没关系)

• … the number of visitors to Frinley…
  the number of …的数目/数量
  The number of tourists has decreased.
  a number of 许多的,大量的
  A number of tourists have visited the tower.

• … but it is only in recent years that it…
  强调句型 : It is / was + 被强调部分 + that / who / whom + 句子的其他部分
  Helen visited Professor Smith last week.
  It was Helen who visited Professor Smith last week.
  It was Professor Smith whom Helen visited last week.
  It was last week that Helen visited Professor Smith.

• … it has gained an evil reputation.
  gain a … reputation 获得一个…的名声
  gain a good reputation 获得良好的声誉

• It is said that if anyone…
  It is said that … 据说…

• The vicar has been asked to have the tree cut down…
  have sth / sb done 使某事/某人被…
  I’m going to have my hair cut.

• … but so far he has refused.
  so far 到目前为止
  Kim has made great progress so far.

• He has pointed out that…
  point out 指出
  Mary pointed out to us that there was a change in the plan.

• In spite of all that has been said…
  in spite of 尽管,不管
  In spite of his illness, Mr.Johnson went to Shanghai for a business trip.
  In spite of this,she often appears on the stage as a young girl.

• … not one of them has been struck down…
  not one of them 一个人也没有
  none of them / no one 语气弱
  strike down 使病倒;使突然死去
  His uncle was struck down by cancer.

知识扩展

It is I who (be)right.
It is he that (be)wrong.
强调句型 : It is / was + 被强调部分 + that/who + 其他部分…
I am right.
He is wrong.
It is I who am ringht.
It is he that is wrong.

It’s my brother who keeps encouraging me not to lose heart when I have difficulties in my studies.

单词讲解

• serve v.接待(顾客)服务
  service n.服务

• scornfully adv.轻蔑地
  scornful adj.
  scorn n./v.轻蔑,蔑视

• fur n.裘皮
  a fur coat

• eager adj.热切的,热情地

语法讲解

• A woman in jeans stood at the window of an expensive shop.
• Though she hesitated for a moment, she finally went in and asked to see a dress that was in the window.
• Glancing at her scornfully, he told her that the dress was sold.
• The woman walked out of the shop angrily and decided to punish the assistant next day.
• She returned to the shop the following morning dressed in a fur caot, with a handbag in one hand and a long unmrella in the other.
• with great difficulty, he climbed into the shop window to get the dress.
• She enjoyed herself making the assistant bring almost everything in the window before finally buying the dress she had first asked for.

知识扩展

Though she hesitated for a moment, she finally went in…
“尽管”
引导让步状语从句 : 让步,就是退一步
明让步,暗转折

单词讲解

• sound n.声音
  The sound of Music

• excitement n.激动,兴奋
  excite v.使兴奋,使激动
  The singer’s arrival excited the crowd.
  excite + -ment
  Everyone is in a state of great excitement.

• handsome adj.漂亮的,美观的
  Lily doesn’t have any feeling for that handsome man.
  a handsome car

• Rollys-Royce 罗尔斯

• wheel n.轮子
  This car has three wheels.
  America is a country on the wheels.

• explosion n.爆炸
  explode v.爆炸
  The bomb exploded in the building.
  population explosion
  The shock of the explosion was felt far away.

• course n.跑道,行程
  a race course
  The plane changed course to avoid the storm.

• rival n.对手
  Tim and Fred are rivals for the job.
  rival compaines
  rival products.

• speed v.疾驰(sped, sped)
  The weekend sped by.
  The car sped away.

• downhill adv.下坡
  go downhill
  uphill adv.上坡

语法讲解

• Once a year,…
  once + 表示时间的名词 “每…一次”
  once a week
  once a month

• … a race is held for old cars.
  hold a race(举行一场比赛;)

• A lot of cars enters for this race…
  enter for 报名参加(考试,竞争)
  Nearly everybody enters for “The Nicest Garden Competition” each year…

• … there was a great deal of excitement….
  a great deal of + 不可数名词 “大量的,许多的”

a great deal of time
a great deal of pleasure

• Built in 1885,… taking part.
  built in 1885 过去分词作状语
  taking part 现在分词词组作后置定语
  taking part in the race

• After a great many loud explosions…
  a great many + 可数名词复数 “许多的,大量的”

• Many of the cars broke down on the course…
  break down (机器)发生故障,出了毛病
  The computer suddenly broke down.
  这电脑突然出现问题.

• The winning car reached a speed of…
  winning 现在分词作定语
  the winning team

a speed of + 数量
Alan drove at a speed of 100 miles an hour on the freeway.

much可以修饰比较级
That’s much better. 那样就好多了.

• It sped downhill at the end of the race…
  at the end of 在…的最后,在…的末尾
  at the end of the term (期末)
  at the end of this month

• … its drivers had a lot of trouble trying to stop it.
  have trouble (in) doing sth. 做某事遇到麻烦
  Jack had great trouble solving the problem.

• … but no less exciting.
  no less 不次于… / no less than 不少于;和…一样
  … but it was no less exciting than the modern car race.
  He is no less humorous than a comedian.

知识扩展

The more you learn,the are more equipped for life.
the + 比较级, the + 比较级 “越…越…”
be equipped for
You are more equipped for life.
You are more equipped for life.

单词讲解

• mine n.矿
  mineral n.矿物质
  adj. 矿物质的 mineral water

• revealer n.探测器
  reveal v.

• invent v.发明
  discover v.发现

• detect v.探测
  detective n.侦探

• seashore n.海岸
  shore

• priate n.海盗
  Priates of the Caribbean
  priate books
  priate software

• entrance n.入口
  enter v.进入
  exit n.出口

• confident adj.有信心的
  confidence n.信心
  self-confident adj.有信心的
  self-confidence

语法讲解

• Dreams of finding lost treasure alomost came true recently.
  Dreams came true recently.
  主语 谓语V.

• A new machine(主语) called ‘The Revealer’ 非谓语v. has been invented(现在完成时的被动)谓语v. and it has been used to detect gold which has been buried in the ground.
  and it has been used to detect gold(非谓语).
  主语 + 谓语V.

• The machine was used in a cave… where it is said
  it is said 插入语
  used to do sth .过去常常做某事(现在已经不做了)

• The pirates would often bury gold in the cave and then fail to collect it.
  fail to do sth.
  would do sth 过去常常做某事
  a search party went into the cave,
  主语 + 谓语
  hope find bury treasure.
  非谓语v.

• The leader of the party was examining the soil … when the machine showed that there was gold under the ground.

• In spite of this, many people are confident that ‘The Revealer’may reveal something of value fairly soon.

知识扩展

• …’The Revealer’may reveal something of value fairly soon.
  of + 抽象名词 = 对应的adj.
  something of value = something valuable
  of great value = very valuable
  of great difference = very different
  of great importance = very important

写作替换

• Chinese and English are very different.
• Chinese and English are of great different.
• Studying English is very important.
• Studying English is of great importance.

复习非谓语动词 :
the little girl went into a shop.
After have lunch, The little girl went into a shop,take a use plastic bag, to buy some food.

单词讲解

• sticky adj.黏的
  a sticky candy
  a sticky afternoon 一个湿热的下午
  sticky fingers 手脚不干净的人,小偷

• finger n.手指
  little finger 小指
  ring finger 无名指
  middle finger
  forefinger / index finger 食指
  thumb

• pie n.馅饼
  an apple pie
  a pumpkin pie

• mix v.混合,拌和
  mix the butter with the flour
  mix wine and water
  I found it hard to mix at parties(政党).
  It’s easy to mix him up with his twin brother.

• annoying adj.恼人的,让人讨厌的
  an annoying habit
  It’s annoying that there is no hot water here.
  These flies are annoying.

• dismay v.失望,使人惊愕
  Sally was dismayed at the news.
  They are dismayed at Paul’s refusal to cooperate.

• recognize v.认出,听出
  recongnize an old friend.
  I recongnize him by his voice.
  John recongnize that he was not the right person for the job.

• persuade v.说服
  Nick persuaded Vicky to change her mind.
  I persuade Ben into joining our party.
  Mary persuaded her husband out of his plan.

• mess n.乱七八糟
  The dorm is in a mess.
  His hair is quite a mess.
  The children made a terrible mess in the room.
  messy adj.杂乱的
  a messy kitchen.

• sign v.签字
  Sign your name here, please.
  sign a contract
  sign for delivered goods

• register v.挂号邮寄
  register a letter

语法讲解

• The children were at school, my husband was at work…
  零冠词
  He is in bed. 他在睡觉
  go to church(教堂)
  in hospital(住院)
  go to university(大学)

• … I was busy mixing butter and flour…
  be busy doing
  mix A and B

• … my hands were soon covered with sticky pastry.
  be convered with
  The ground is convered with snow.

• At exactly that moment,the telephone…
  at exactly that moment 刚好在那时
  He arrived at exactly the right moment.
  at exactly six o’clock.

• Nothing could have been more…
  没有什么东西能让人更讨厌的了…
  Nothing could have been more exciting/embarrassing.
  Nothing is more precious than time.
  Nothing can be more delicious than jiaozi.

• It took me ten minutes to persuade her to…
  It took me a month to read the novel.
  It took me several weeks to write the essay.
  persuade sb to do
  persuade sb into doing

I persuaded him to change his mind.
I persuaded him into changing his mind.

• … to ring back later.
  I will call you back tomorrow.
  later adv.随后,以后
  two years later.
  See you later.

• … I hung up the receiver.
  hang hung hung
  Don’t hang up on me. I have more to say.
  pick up the receiver.

• What a…
  How messy it is!

• I had no sooner got back to the kitchen than…
  no sooner … than … 一…就…
  Ben had no sooner left the airport that it began to rain.
  Ellen had no sooner got home than telephone rang.

• … to wake the bead.
  the + adj.
  the living
  the rich
  the young 年轻人

• …to sign for a registered letter!
  sign for 签名接收
  The postman asked Mike to sign for the parcel.

知识扩展

冠词

• a / an + 具体化的抽象名词
  Reading is a pleasure. 阅读是一件乐事.
  He is a complete failure. 他是个完完全全的失败者.

• the + 表示世界上独一无二的事物的名词
  the moon
  a full moon 一轮满月

• 零冠词
  月份,季节,星期,节假,大洲,称呼,头号,职务,三餐,球类,学科,棋类,惯用词.

If Winter comes,can Spring be far behind?

注意 : It was a spring afternoon.

单词讲解

• cause
  v.引起 Carelesses causes accidents.
  粗心会引起事故
  n. 起因 the cause of the fire

• examine v.检查
  examner n.主考官
  examination n.检查考试(exam)

• accidentlly adv.意外地,偶然地
  do sth. ccidently
  do sth. by accident
  do sth. by chance
  accident n.
  accidental adj.

• remains n.残骸
  remain v.保持,保留
  remain silent

• wire n.电线
  wireless adj.无线的
  wireless network / mouse / keyboard

• solve v.解决
  solve the mystery
  solve the problem of…
  solve the problem of air pollution / earthquake

语法讲解

Key points
现在完成时

形式 : have / has + done
用法 :
现在全部完成
现在部分完成

• He has waited for three hours.
  他现在的之前已经等了三个小时了.

现在完成时
He has left.
现在全部完成
We have learned English for ten years.
现在部分完成
We have been learning English for ten years.

• He has been waiting for three hours.
  现在完成进行时
  have / has + been doing
  “现在的之前 + 进行”

现在完成进行时

Alicia has planed(has been planing) to go to Egypt for 2 years,and she is still on it.
Alicia has planed to go to Egypt for 2 years,but she gives up.

• At last firemen have put out a big forest fire in California.
  现在完成时

• Since then,they have been trying to find out…
  现在完成进行时

• … they have been trying to find out how the fire began.宾语从句

• Forest fires are often caused by broken glass or by cigarette ends which people carelessly throw away.
  forest fires
  cigarette ends 名词变复数,后变前不变

• He noticed the remains of a snake which was would round the electirc wires of a 16,000-volt power line.
  看从句 : 往前看 : snake
  定语从句 / 同位语从句
  修饰限定n. / 解析说明
  任意名词后 / 抽象名词后

… he became the … owner of a bed which had springs.

• The explanation was simple but very unusual.
  explanation n.
  explain v.

知识扩展

现在完成时
have / has + done
现在的之前

现在完成进行时
have / has + been doing
现在的之前 + 进行

我们学习英语十年了.
We have been learning English for 10 years.

她现在已经吃了2个小时了还在吃.
She has been eating for 2 hours.

他们现在已经在这个项目上工作了好几个星期,还没完.
They have been working on the project for weeks.

我已经等了你好长时间.
I have been waiting for you for ages.

单词讲解

• temporarily adv.暂时地
  temporary adj.暂时的
  temporary employee 临时工
  temporary job 临时工作
  temporary agreement 临时协议
  They agreed temporarily to stay.
  Sam temporarily remained silent.

• inch n.英寸(度量单位)
  The car is moving inch by inch.(一点点的,缓慢地)

• space n.空间
  a parking space 停车位
  There isn’t enough space in the bookcase for all the new books.

• actually adv.实际上
  actual size 实际尺寸
  actual cost 实际成本
  actually == in fact
  Actually,Ted doesn’t like his job.

语法讲解

• … I have been working hard all morning.
  have / has been doing 现在完成进行时

句子中常含有时间状语 :
all + 表示时间的词语(all moring,all day,all week…)
for,since…
Ted has been working on his essay for several weeks.
Rick has been playing the game all moring.

• … get my new room in order.
  get … in order : 把…整理好
  put … in order
  Bob gets everything in order before he leaves the office.

• To make matters worse,…
  更糟糕的是

• … the room is rather small…
  rather adv.相当的
  The movie is rather boring(无聊地).
  It’s rather cold here in winter.
  fairly adv.相当(常修饰褒义词)
  He is a fairly nice man.
  It’s fairly delicious(美味的).

• At the moment…
  此时,此刻
  just at the moment 就在此时
  When Vicky was standing by the sea, everything was so peaceful at the moment.

• She went into my room and got a big surprise…

get a surprise 感到吃惊
get a big surprise 大吃一惊

• “This is the prettiest carpet I have ever seen,”…
  This is the prettiest carpet that I have ever seen.
  先行词为物,且前有形容词最高级修饰,定语从句关系代词只能用that
  It’s the most beautiful painting that I have ever seen.

• She gazed at it…
  gaze at 盯着看,凝视
  Her eyes were fixed on her plate…
  fix one’s eyes on

• You can sit here in your spare time…
  spare adj.空闲的,多余的
  in one’s spare time 空闲的
  I will visit you in my spare time.
  You can stay here toight.We have a spare bedroom.

知识扩展

现在完成进行时 : 过去已经发生,一直持续到现在
have / has been doing
表示开始于过去的动作持续到现在,而且动作往往还没有结束,将继续持续下去.

与现在完成进行时常连用的时间状语 :
for + 时间段
since + 时间点
all morning
all day
….
Sam has been repairing his bicycle since 9 o’clock this morning.
Mr.Green has been teaching in this school for 20 years.
I have been waiting for you for ages.

翻译 :
尼克最近一直在考虑换个工作.
Nick has been thinking about changing his job.
自从玛丽和约翰吵架后,他们一直避免见到对方.
Mary and John have been avoiding each other since they had a quarrel.

单词讲解

• reward
  n.报偿
  v.给奖赏
  reward sb.
  reward oneself
  You worked so hard,and you need to reward yourself occasionally.

• diet n.节食
  go on a diet / begin a diet
  be on a diet
  I am on a diet now.

• hurriedly adv.匆忙地
  do sth.hurriedly
  hurry v.匆忙

• embarrass v.使尴尬
  You embarrass me.
  I am embarrassed.
  embarrassed adj.尴尬的
  embarrassing adj.使人尴尬的

• guiltily adv.内疚地
  guilt n.
  guilty adj.

• occasionally adv.偶尔地
  occasion n.
  occasional adj.

语法讲解

• My friend, Hugh,has always been fat…
  has been : 现在完成时 : 现在的之前(从现在往之前看)

• … but things got so bad recently that he decided to go on a diet.
  get got got/gotten
  get bad
  go on a diet
  so … that … : 以便…为了…
  The story is interesting. I want to share it with you.
  The story is so interesting that I want to share it…

• First of all,he wrote out a … list of all the foods which were forbidden(不允许的).
  first of all
  write / wrote / written

• The list included most of the things Hugh loves:butter, potatoes, rice, beer, milk…
  The list included(包含) most of the things (that) Hugh loves

• Yesterday I paid him a visit.
  pay sb.a visit = visit sb.
  n. v.

• I rang the bell and was not surprised to see that …
  ring rang rung
  ring the bell
  be surprised to do sth

• … to see that Hugh was still as fat as ever.
  as … as…
  as fat as ever

• He led me into his room and hurriedly hid a .. parcel…
  lead led led
  hide hid hidden

• It was obvious(明显的) that he was very embarrassed.
  = That he was very embarrassed was obvious 主语从句

• When I asked him what he was doing, he smiled guiltily and then put the parcel…

• He explained that his diet was so strict that he had to reward himself occasionally.

• Then he showed me the contents of the parcel.
  contents n.内有的物品
  the contents of…

知识扩展

• My friend,Hugh,has always been fat, but things got so bad recently that he decided to go on a diet.
  My friend,Hugh 同位语
  has been 现在完成时
  but 并列句(表示转折)
  so… that… 结果状语从句
  get bad
  decide to do
  go on a diet

• I rang the bell and was not surprised to see that Hugh was still as fat as ever.
  ring the bell
  be surprised to do
  and 并列句
  see that… 宾语从句

单词讲解

• ride n.旅行
  We went for a ride in Tom’s new car.
  Sally gave me a ride in her car.

• excursion n.远足
  go on an excursion to the mountains.
  Jim’s parents took him on an excursion to an island.

• conductor n.售票员
  conduct (v.引导,管理) + -or

• view n.景色
  a beautiful view
  A room with a View <看得见风景的房间>

语法讲解

• I love travelling in the country…
  love doing 习惯上,一直以来喜欢
  love to do 一时或某一次喜欢

Rick loves playing basketball in the afternoon.
Rick loves to play football this afternoon.

• … but I don’t like losing my way.
  … but I am not willing to lose my way.(不愿意)
  Alan lost his way and had to ask a pol ceman.

• I went on an excursion…
  go on 为(某一目的)而去
  go on an excusion 作一次短途旅行
  go on a trip 去旅行
  take v.花费(时间)
  It takes sb.some time to do sth.
  It took me a week to read the novel.

• … as I got on the bus…
  get on the bus

• I’ll tell you where to get off,”…
  连接副词 + 不定式短语(连接副词常为疑问副词)
  这种结构常在tell,know,learn,show,decide,wonder,remember,teach,explain等动词后作宾语.

Helen didn’t know how to operate the machine.
Dave knew what to do next.

• I sat in the front of the bus…
  in the front of 在(某一事物内)前部
  in front of 在…的前面(两者往往有间隔)
  Angela always spends hours in front of the mirror.
  Jack sat in the front of the theater.

• … to get a good view of the countryside.
  get a view of… 观赏风景
  get a wonderful view of the lake

• Looking round,…
  现在分词作时间状语
  when I looked round

• … I realized with a shock that…
  with a shock 吃惊地,惊奇地
  She looked at the stranger with a shock.
  left on the bus
  过去分词作后置定语,修饰the only passenger

• This is as far as…
  as far as : 到…的程度,到…的限度,就…的限度而言
  As far as we know,Mr.Johnson will not leave.
  就我们所知…
  I will help you as far as I can.
  我将尽全力帮助你.

• I forget to…
  forget to do 忘记要去做某事
  forget doing 忘记曾经做过某事

Don’t forget to take an umbrella.
别忘了带把雨伞.
He forgot updating the software.
我忘记更新这个软件了.

• … put you off.
  put off 让…下车(船,飞机等)
  The taxi driver put me off at the hotel.

• Well,in that case,…
  well 感叹词,”恩”
  in this case/in that case 既然这样
  You promise that you will come home early,In that case, you may go to the party.

• … I prefer to stay…
  prefer to do 宁愿选择做某事,更喜欢做某事
  Frank wanted to go to Canada,but I would prefer to go to France.

知识扩展

喜欢表达的句型 :

• prefer sth
  Would you prefer coffee?
• prefer doing
  I prefer swimming
• prefer A to B
  Jenny prefers coffee to tea.
• prefer doing A to doing B
  I prefer swimming to fishing.
• prefer to do
  Personally(就个人而言), I’d prefer to go to Paris.
• prefer to do A rather than do B
  Actually(实际上),most people prefer to talk rather than listen.
• would rather do A than do B
  Frank would rather go swimming than stay at home.