单词讲解

• tired adj.厌烦的,劳累的
  be tired of…
  We were tired of English / studying English.

• gust n.一阵风
  a gust of wind

• sweep v.扫,刮
  sweep / swept / swept
  sleep / slept / slept
  keep / kept / kept
  creep / crept / crept

• smash v.碰碎,摔
  smash sth.to / into pieces

• miraculously adv.奇迹般地
  miracle n.
  miraculous adj.

• glance v.扫视
  glance at…

• promptly adv.迅速地
  fast quickly rapidly
  fleetly swiftly

语法讲解

分词作状语 :

• 分词 ?
  doing / done
• 作状语 ?
  修饰动词/句子,表示描述性的信息

  错误的
  While he was talking with me,he broke his cup carelessly.
  时间状语从句 : While je was talking with me
  主句 : he broke his cup carelessly
  正确的
  While talking with me,he broke his cup carelessly.
  doing 分词,作状语 表示主动

Punished,she burst into tears.
done 分词,被动

• Because he was tired of sleeping on the fooor,a young man saved up for years to buy a real bed.
  相同的省略 : he 去掉

After the man glanced at the bits of wood and metal,the man sadly picked up the mattress.
相同的去掉 : the man
Glancing at the bits of wood and metal, the man sadly picked up the mattress.
doing 分词,主动

总结一下 :
两件事主语相同;
一件事写成一个句子,另外一件事写成分词作状语.
我走进教室,拿着一个包.
I walked into the classroom,taking a bag.
I walked into the classroom,followed by five students.
I walked into the classroom,talking a bag,followed by five students.

• A gust of wind swept the bed off the roof and sent it…

• The… man did not wake up until the bed had struck the ground.
  until the bed had sturck the ground. 时间状语从句

• Althoungh the bed was smashed to pieces,the man was…unhurt.
  让步状语从句

• When he woke up,he was still on the mattress(床垫).

• Glancing at the bits of wood and metal that lay around him…

知识扩展

分词作定语
a passing plane
a used car
分词作状语
Talking with me, he broke his cup carelssly.
Punished, she burst into tears.

分词作定语/状语
相同点 :
doing 分词 表示主动
done 分词 表示被动
不同点 :
作定语 修饰n.
作状语 修饰句子(句子主语)

She walked into a room, smiling.
doing 分词表示主动

She bought a used car.
done 分词表示被动
作为定语

非谓语动词

• What?
• When?
• What?
  doing / done / to do

单词讲解

• pull v.拨
  pull out a tooth
  Kelly can’t pull the nail out of her shoe.

• cotton wool 药棉

• collect v.搜集
  collect stamps
  collect coins

• collection n.收藏品,收集品
  Bill has a large collection of stamps(邮票).

• nod v.点头
  Sam nodded when he passed me in the office.
  Paul nodded to agree with me.

• meanwwhile adv.同时
  William will come here in an hour, Meanwhile,let’s have some tea.

语法讲解

• … when it is impossible for you to answer.
  时间状语从句
  It is + adj. + for sb.to do sth.
  It is difficult for him to lend you the money.
  It is hard for Lily to do the job.
  It is possible(可能的) for David to help you.

• …My dentist had just pulled out one of my teeth…
  put out 拨出

• … but my mouth was full of cotton wool.

but full of : 充满了…; 装满了…
Life is full of colors.

• … and asked me whether my collection was growing.
  询问我的收藏是否增长
  … and asked :”Are your collection growing?”

• He then asked me how…
  He then asked : “How is your brother?Do you like your new job in London?”

• In answer to these questions…
  in answer to 作为对…的回答
  In answer to my question,Lily smiled at me.
  In answer to our request,Mr. Lee came to our party.
  either… or …或者…或者…

• Meanwhile,my tongue was busy…
  meanwhile = in the meantime 以此同时
  be busy doing 忙于做某事
  search out 查出,搜寻,找到
  search out a mistake in the report

• …the hole where the tooth had been.
  The tooth had been in the hole.
  He grew up in the town.
  This is the town where he grew up.

• When the dentist at last removed…
  remove v.移走,脱掉
  Andy removed his hat when he came in.
  remove + n. + from 从…把…拿走
  remove the sofa from the living room.
  … I was able to said to him:”You pulled out the wrong tooth.”

知识扩展

关系副词 where
This is the store where Sam works.
先行词 : the store
地点状语 : where
主语 : Sam
谓语 : Works.
Sam works in the store.

This is the university where Frank studied(有计划的) two years ago.
Frank studied in the university(综合性大学) two years ago.
That is the hotel where Nick stayed last night.
Nick stayed at the hotel last night.

比较 :
Nick stays at the hotel that is the best in the city.
The hotel is the best in the city.
主语 : The hotel

Jim has reached the point where he has to leave the company.
Jim 已经到了必须离开公司的地步.
使用where关系副词的情况 :
先行词表示某人 / 物的situation(境况,状态),表示某事发展的stage(阶段),或表示某物的某个方面…
例如 :
We will discuss a number of cases where beginners of English fail to use the language correctly.
Beginners of English fail to use the language correctly(正确地) in the cases.

单词讲解

• thirsty adj.贪杯的,口渴的
  I am thirsty. / I feel thirsty.
  The man was thirsty for power / Knowledge / success.
  hungry adj.饿的

• ghost n.鬼混的
  a creepy ghost story

• haunt v.(鬼)来访,闹鬼
  People say ghosts haunt the old house.
  The house is haunted (by the ghosts).
  v. 不愉快的事情
  If something unpleasant haunts you, try to ignore it and move on.
  She was haunted by bad feelings night and day.

• block v.堵
  The highway was blocked by a few trucks(货车).
  The clouds blocked his view of the mountains.
  n. 拥堵 大楼 街区
  traffic block / jam
  a block of flats(平地).
  She walked three blocks down the main street.

• furniture n.家具
  a piece of furniture

• shake v.摇动
  shake shook shaken
  shake hands with sb.

语法讲解

• A public house which was recently bought by Mr.lan…
  a public house
  be up for sale

• Mr… is going to sell it because it is haunted.

• He told me that he could not go to sleep one night…
  间接宾语(宾语从句)

• …he found that the doors had been blocked by chairs and the furniture had been moved.
  宾语从句

• … he found that the doors had been blocked by chairs and the furniture had been moved.
  一般过去时 / 过去完成时(的被动语态)

• Though Mr… had turned the lights off before he went to bed,they were on in the morning.
  过去完成时 / 一般过去时

• He also said that he had found five empty whisky bottles which the ghost must have drunk…
  must have done 推测过去

• When I suguested that some villargers must have come in for a free drink,Mr… shook his head.

even if 即使

知识扩展

n. + v. -> 谓语动词的变化 : 时态 + 语态 + 情态 + 变态(改变时态)

• 句子的分类
  简单句 / 并列句 / 复合句
  复合句 = 主句 + 从句(名词性从句,定义从句,状语从句)

单词讲解

• unload v.卸(货)
  load v.装载
  load goods onto the truck
  unload the parcels(包裹) from the car

• wooden adj.木制的
  a wooden bridge(桥)

• extremely adv.非常,极其
  It’s extremely hot here in summer.
  I’m extremely sorry(遗憾的).
  Paul is extremely careful when he works.

• occur v.发生
  Many accidents occur in this area.
  Heavy rains often occur during summer.

• astonish v.使惊讶
  The news astonished the public.
  Vicky was astonished at what she saw.
  I was astonished that Helen wasn’t telling the truth(真理).

• pile n.推
  a pile of
  a pile of magziness
  a pile of sand
  piles of
  piiles of books

• woollen adj.羊毛的
  woolen
  woolen sweater
  woolen glove

• goods n.(常用复数)货物,商品
  Please deliver the goods to the office.

• discover v.发现
  Columbus discovered America in 1492.
  I discovered that I took my brother’s bag.

• discovery n.发现

• admit v.承认
  David admitted his mistake.
  That man admitted stealing the car.
  That man admitted that he had stolen the car.

• confine v.关在(一个狭小的空间里)
  Jane was confined to bed for a week after the operation.
  Please confine your speech to the given topic.

• normal adj.正常的,通常的
  normal body temperature
  normal working hours 常规工作时间
  abnormal adj.不正常的,反常的

语法讲解

• … workers began to unload a number of wooden boxes…
  un- + v.表示相反的动作
  dress – undress
  fasten – unfasten
  a number of + 可数名词复数 “许多”
  a number of visitors

• … which contained(包含) clothing.
  clothing 不可数名词,”服装”,比clothes更正式

• No one could account for the fact…
  account for 对…作出解释,说明…的原因
  How can you account for your mustake?
  Paul can’t account for the accident.

• … the fact that one of the boxes was extremely(极端地) heavy.
  比较常见的可以接同位语从句的名词 :
  fact, news, idea, belief, decision, hope, explanation…
  I heard the news that Mr.Johnson had retired.
  The fact that he hadn’t won the game surprised us.

• It suddenly occurred to one of the workers to…
  事情 + occur to sb. “某人想起某事”,为事情为主
  It occurs to sb to do sth. 某人想起来做某事
  It occurs to me to ask Ted to do the job.
  It occurs to sb that… 某人想起…
  It occurred to me that I could ask Ted to do the job.

• … to open up the box.
  open up 打开
  open up the present

• He was astonished at…
  be astonished at sth 对…感到惊讶
  We are astonished at his behavior.

• A man was lying in the box…
  lie v.躺
  lay lain lying

• … on top of a pile of woollen goods.
  on top of : 在…的上面
  op top of a hill

• He was so surprised at being discovered…
  be surprised at sth 对…感到吃惊

• … the man admitted hiding in the box…
  admit doing 承认做某事
  Ryan admitted telling a lie.

• … for he had been confined to the wooden box…
  confine sb.to 将某人限制在
  Fred’s illness confined him to bed.

• The man was ordered to pay…
  order sb to do sth 命令/指示/叮嘱某人做某事
  The doctor ordered Fred to stay in bed.
  pay for 为…付款,为…付出代价
  He paid a lot of money for his new car.
  Mike finally paid for his foolish behavior(行为).

知识扩展

• 同位语从句

  • 名词 + that + 陈述句
    that引导同位语从句,应放在某些抽象名词之后,如 : idea, news, fact, problem, possibility, hope, desire, suggestion, thought…
    同位语从句对前面的名词起补充说明的作用,that在从句中不充当任何成分,只能引导同位语从句的作用,不能省略.
    Sam Benton had lost his wallet.
    The whole village soon learnt the news.
    The whole village soon learnt the news that Sam Benton had lost his wallet.

  • 名词 + whether + 陈述句
    同位语从句只能用whether引导不能用if
    My dentist asked me a question.
    “Do you like your new job?”
    My dentist asked me a question whether I liked my new job.

• 名词 + 特殊疑问句变成陈述句语序
  When will Paul return?
  I have no idea.
  I have no idea when Paul will return.

改写 :
Scientists have reachd the conclusion.
The temoerature on earth is getting higher and higher.
Scientists have reached the conclusion that the temperature on earth is getting higher and higher.

改写 :
How can I get in touch with the boss? 我怎么样才能联系上老板呢?
The question has not been answered.
The question how I can get in touch with the boss had not been answered.

单词讲解

• conscience n.良心,道德心
  have a clear conscience
  have no conscience

• wallet n.钱包
  purse

语法讲解

• The whole village soon learnt that…
  learn learned learned

• … a large sum of money had been lost.
  被动语态 与时态结合
  be + v.过去分词 (be done)
  Classrooms are cleaned every day.
  Classrooms were cleaned yesterday.
  Classrooms will be cleaned tomorrow.
  Classrooms are being cleaned now.
  Classrooms have been cleaned so far.
  Classrooms had been cleaned before I came back.
  一般过去时 vs. 过去完成时 先后?
  The whole village learnt…
  a large sum of money had been lost.

• … the wallet must have been found by one of the villagers… it was not returned…

• It had been wrapped up in newspaper…

• … some money was paid back…

单词讲解

• forest n.森林
  woods 树林,林地
  jungle 丛林,密林

• risk n.危险,冒险
  The soldiers are at risk every day.(处于危险当中)
  The firefighter put his life at risk.(冒生命危险)
  The young man saved the boy’s life at the risk of his own.(冒着…的危险)

v.冒着…的危险,冒险于…
The soldier risked his own life to save the boy.
Don’t risk repairing the car yourself.

• picnic n.野餐
  have a picnic.

• edge n.边缘
  the edge of the table
  The two countries are on the edge of war.(处于…的边缘)

• strap n.带,皮带
  bag strap

• possession n.拥有,占有
  William is in possession of the house.
  It is truth universally acknowledged, that a single man in prossession of a good fortune, must be in want of a wife.
  He lost all his possessions in the war.(财产)

• breath n.呼吸
  I was out of breath after running for the bus.
  Hold your breath when you dive.(屏住呼吸)
  His success took my breath away.(使某人大吃一惊)

• contents n.(常用复数)内有的物品
  The guard examined the contents of the bag.
  Sally put the contents of the box on the floor.

• mend v.修理,修补
  The fishermen are mending their nets.

语法讲解

• Mrs. Anne Sterling did not think of the risk…
  think of
  I can’t think of his name.
  Jim is thinking of a way to help his brother.

• … the risk she was taking…
  take the risk 冒险
  What will you lose if you take the risk?
  take the risk of doing… 冒险…
  Frank will not take the risk of saying “no” to his wife.

• … when she ran through a forest after two men.
  run after
  Tom is always running after Jerry.(追赶)
  We hear that Nick is running after Angela.(追求)

• They had rushed up to her…
  rush up to sb. 追到某人前面
  up to … 一直到…
  up to now 到目前为止
  Ryan walked up to the waiter.
  at the edge of… 在…的边上
  Mr.Johnson’s farm is at the edge of the village.

• … and tried to steal her handbag.
  steal sth. 偷了某物
  The lady stole an expensive bag from the shop.
  rob sb of sth 抢劫了某人某物

• … with the bag in their possession,…
  in one’s possession 为某人拥有
  The castle is in his possession.
  in the possession of sb 为某人拥有
  The castle was in the possession of a rich family in the past.

• Mrs. Sterling got so angry that she…
  so + adj./adv. + that … 如此…以至于…
  比较 :
  The men got such a fright that they…
  such + n. + that… 如此…以至于…

• When she caught up with them…
  catch up with : 赶上

• …and were going through the contents of the bag…
  go through : 仔细检查,搜查

• … so she ran straight at them.
  straight adv.笔直地,直接地
  He went straight to the manager’s office.
  at prep. 对着;朝…的方向
  Mary shouted at her boyfriend.

• “The strap needs mending,”…
  need doing = need to be done
  The strap needs to be mended.
  The vase needs cleaning.
  The vase needs to be cleaned.

知识扩展

• 动名词
  动名词作主语,宾语

• 动名词作表语
  His hobby is playing football.
  Playing football is his hobby.

• 动名词作定语
  The reading room is large and bright.
  There is a swimming pool in the school.

• need, want, require 后跟动名词和不定式的区别
  当need,want,require表示”需求”的时候,后加动名词主动式等于加不定式的被动式.
  The room needs cleaning.
  The room needs to be cleaned.

• be worth + 动名词, “值得做…” 表示被动的意义
  The museum is worth visiting. 这个博物馆值得参观.
  be worthy of + n.
  The museum is worthy of a visit.

单词讲解

• pole n.地球的(极)
  the South Pole 南极
  the North Pole 北极
  fishing pole 鱼竿

• flight n.飞行 航班
  Flight CA112 is boarding.Please get ready.

• explorer n.探险家,探测器
  Internet Explorer == IE
  explore v.探测,探险,探索
  exploration n.考察,探险
  adventure n.冒险

• lie v.
  躺 / 处于,位于 lie lay lain

• serious adj.严重的,严肃的
  The problem of air pollution is serious.
  I am serious. I’m not joking.

• point n.地点
  at one point
  v.点出,指出
  They pointed out the problem.
  point at / to…

• endless adj.无尽的
  endless white plains
  Endless Love

• less
  careless adj.
  worthless adj.

语法讲解

• In 1929,three years after his flight over the North Pole,the American explorer,R.E.Byrd,sucessfully flew over the South Pole for the first time.

同位语
fly over…

• Though, at first, Byrd and his men were able to take a great many photographs of the mountains …, they soon ran into serious trouble.

at first
be able to do sth 能够做某事
a great many…
take photographs of…
run into trouble 陷入困境之中

区别 can / be able to :
相同点 : 都表示能力,”能够”
(can / could; be able to 时态更灵活)

that lay below 定语从句

• At one point, it seemed certain that their plane would crash.
  seem + adj.
  it?
  that their plane would crash 主语从句
  That their plane would crash seemed certain.

主语从句 :
含义 :
位置 :
It seemed certain that their plane would crash.
That their plane would crash seemed certain.
写法 :
同宾语从句
复习宾语从句 :
I know that you are right.
I know what she will say.
I know whether he is happy.

• 你不能跟我们一块去真是个遗憾.
  That you can’t go with us is a pity.
  It is a pity that you can’t go with us.

• 他们是否将会准时到达这不确定.
  Whether they will arrive here on time is uncertain.

• It could only get over the mountains if it rose to 10,000 feet.
  rise rose risen 上升

• Byrd at once ordered his men to throw out … food sacks order.
  keep the order
  May I take your order,please?

• The plane was then able to rise and it cleared the mountains by 400 feet.
  by : 想差

• Byrd now knew that he would be able to reach the South Pole which was 300 miles away, for there were no more mountains in sight.

• The aircraft was able to fly over the endless white plains without difficulty.

知识扩展

seem v.似乎,好像
seem + adj. / seem to be adj.
He seemed nervous.
It seemed certain.
You seem happy.
seem to do sth.
You seemed to get lost.

• 这则消息似乎比我们原来预想的传播的更快.
  The news seemed to spread faster / more quickly than we had expected.

单词讲解

• musical adj.精通音乐的
  music + -al
  musical film
  musical instrument
  Kelly is very musical

• market n.市场,集市
  market information
  market research
  overseas market

• snake charmer 玩蛇者

• charming adj.迷人的,诱人的
  a charming lady

• pipe n.(吹奏的)管乐器
  My grandfather smokes a pipe.

• tune n.曲调
  The piano is out of tune.

• glimpse n.一瞥
  She caught a glimpse of herself in the mirror.
  v.瞥见
  Nick glimpsed someone standing there.

• movement n.动作
  move + -ment
  excite(v.) –excitement(n.)

• continue v.继续
  He continued his work day after day.
  continue doing 一直做(同一件事情)
  If you continue talking like that, I will leave.
  continue to do 继续做某一件事情
  After having some tea, Fred continued to read newspaper.

• dance v.跳舞
  The little girl danced to the tune.(随着曲子跳舞)
  They danced a tango.

• obviously adv.显然
  obvious adj.明显的,显而易见的
  The mistake is abvious.
  It’s obvious that Bob is wrong.

• difference n.差别
  the differences between men and women.
  Tom’s decision makes no difference to my plan.(没有影响,没有差别)
  The invention has made a great difference to the world.

• Indian adj.印度的

语法讲解

• As we had had a long walk…
  当我们走过长长的路
  have a + 动作名词
  have a walk
  have a rest
  have a look
  have a smell
  类似的动作名词 : dance,flght,ride,sleep,swim,wash

• … We stopped at a square…
  stop at : 在…停留,逗留
  The train will stop at a small town.
  The palne has to stop at the city airport to fuel up.

• after a time 过了一会
  after a while
  After a time, Sally felt tired and stopped her work.

• … at the other side of square…
  at the other side of : 在…的另一边
  Mike saw a friend at the other side of the road.

• … so we went to have a look at him.
  have a look at 看一看…
  Let me have a look at that plane model.

• … he picked up a long pipe…
  pick up
  Jack picked up a coin from the floor.(拾起)
  Sam picked up a little Italian when he was traelling in Italy.(学会)

• … whick was covered with coins…
  cover with 用…覆盖
  cover the box with a piece of paper.
  The ground is covered with leaves.

• When he began to play a tune,…
  play a tune 演奏一曲
  play a tune on tha piano

• … we had our first glimpse of the snake.
  have a glimpse of 看见
  catch a glimpse of
  get a glimpse of

• It rose out of the basket…
  rise rose risen
  The sun rises from the east(东方).

• … tell the difference between Indian music and jazz!
  tell v.辨别,分辨(常与can,could,be able to连用)

I can’t tell her from her twin sister.
tell the difference between A and B
Vicky can’t tell difference between bee(蜂蜜) and wasp(黄蜂).

单词讲解

• rude adj.无理的
  rudely adv.无理地
  A rude man was shouting redely.

• mirror n.镜子
  look at oneself in the mirror.

• remark v.评说 n.评论

• remind v.提醒
  remind sb.of sth.
  remind sb.to do sth.
  reminder n.提醒,提示物

语法讲解

need

• 作实义动词
  need sth.
  need to do / need sb. to do
  need doing
  He needs some time.
  He needs to have a rest.
  He needs friends to heip him.
  His bag needs mending.

• 做情态动词
  need to
  need have done
  Need I finish it now?

• 否定形式 : don’t need

• “You needn’t be so rude…”,my wife answered as she looked at herself in the mirror.

• I sat down on one of those modern chairs with holes in it …
  a piece of paper with her name and address on it
  a wallet with 200 dollars in it
  a bus with 50 people on it

• We had been in the… shop for half an hour and my wife was still in front of the mirror.
  she is sitting in the front of the bus.

• “We mustn’t buy things we don’t need,” I remarked suddenly.
  things we don’t need 定语从句
  need 实义动词
  don’t need
  need + things

• I regretted saying it almost at once.
  regret regretted regretted
  regret sth.
  regret doing sth. 后悔做某事

• “You needn’t have said that”, my wife answered.
  need have done 本来需要做某事,但实际上没有做(虚拟)
  needn’t have done 本来不需要做某事,但现在做了

• “I needn’t remind you of that… tie you bought yesterday.’
  remind sb of .sth
  that … tie you bought yesterday 定语从句

• “You needn’t have said that,”my wife answered.
  needn’t to (真实的)

• “A man can never have too many ties.”
  My wife was wearing a hat that looked like a lighthouse.
  定语从句
  She lookes like her father.

知识扩展

• 实义动词
  need sth.
  need to do / need sb. to do
  need doing

• 静态动词
  need do(常用于否定疑问)
  need have done

单词讲解

• hostess n.女主人
  host
  He is the host for a TV talk show.
  prince(王子) princess(公主)

• unsmiling adj.不笑的,严肃的
  happy - unhappy

• tight adj.紧身的
  tight jeans
  This shirts is tight under the arms.
  a tight game 一场难分胜负的比赛

• fix v.凝视
  fix one’s eyes on
  He stood there and fixed his eyes on the painting.
  His eyes were fixed on the painting.

• globe n.地球
  travel all around the globe
  global adj.全球的,全世界的
  global warming

• despair n.绝望
  They gave up the struggle in despair.
  v.绝望,放弃希望
  despair of
  His parents have despaired of him.

语法讲解

• … sit next to Mrs.Rumbold.
  next to == beside
  He put his suitcase next to the sofa.
  The store is next to a Chinese restaurant.

• … a large,unsming lady in a tight black dress.
  a large lady == a fat lady.
  in 穿戴(衣物)
  the woman in red
  The girl is in high-heeled shoes.

• She did not even look up…
  Kyle looked up and saw me.
  I have to look up the word in the dictionary.

• …when I took my seat beside her.
  take a seat 坐下
  take one’s seat (在指定的位置)坐下
  He went into the theater and took his seat.

• Her eyes were fixed on her plate…
  fix one’s eyes on

• …she was busy eating.
  be busy(in)doing
  Jack is busy cleaning his dorm.

be busy with sth
John is busy with his essay.

• … try to make conversation.
  make conversation 闲谈,聊天
  At a party, I have to think of things to say,so it’s very hard to make conversation.

• A new play is coming to…
  Helen is leaving tomorrow.

• Will you be seeing…
  will be doing 将来进行时表示委婉的语气
  How will you pay for this?
  How will you be paying for this?

How long will you stay?

• Will you be spending your holodays abroad…
  spend one’s holodays abroad

• In despair, I asked her…
  in despair 在绝望中
  George tried everything to help his friend in despair.

• If you ate more and talked less,we would both enjoy…

if you game me more time, I would do it better.
If I were you,I should seize the chance.
If Ted were the boss,he would make some changes.

知识扩展

虚拟语气 非真实语气

If kevin should come here tomorrow,the boss would meet him in person.
If I were to write the novel,I could write it in a different way.
If I were the president of a university I should establish a compulsory course in “How to use Your Eyes”.